02 Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals - part 16 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases

02 Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals - part 16 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases


Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) : 

  • Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or Venereal Diseases (VDs) or Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI). 
  • The major venereal diseases are syphilis and gonorrhoea.


Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) :

1. Name of Disease  : Syphilis
  • Causative agent  : Treponema pallidum (Bacteria)
  • Incubation period :  3-4 weeks 
  • Infection site  :  Mucous membrane in genital, rectal and oral region. 
  • Symptoms  :
  1. Primary lesion called chancre at the site of infection. 
  2. Chancre is formed on external genitalia, skin rashes and mild fever, inflamed joints, loss of hair. 
  3. Paralysis, Degenerative changes occur in the heart and brain. 
  • Preventive measures : Education about sex practices, sex hygiene, avoiding sex with unknown partner or multipartners, using condoms during coitus.
  • Treatment :  Antibiotic-Penicillin




2. Name of Disease  : Gonorrhoea 
  • Causative agent  : Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Bacteria) 
  • Incubation period  : Male ­ 2 to 14 days Female ­ 7 to 21 days
  • Infection site  : Mucous membrane of urino-genital tract, rectum, throat and eye. 
  • Symptoms  :
  1. In male, partial blockage of urethra and reproductive ducts, pus from penis, pain and burning sensation during urination, arthritis, etc.
  2. In female, pelvic inflammation of urinary tract, sterility, arthritis, the children born to affected mother suffer from gonococcal opthalmia and gonococcal vulvovaginitis of girls before puberty. 
  • Preventive measures : Sex hygiene, using condom during coitus, avoiding sex with unknown partner or multipartners. 
  • Treatment : Antibiotic-Cefixime

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