13. Respiration and Energy Transfer - part 01 - Formation of ATP

 

13. Respiration and Energy Transfer - part 01 - Formation of ATP

Formation of ATP :

  • Formation of ATP is called as phosphorylation. 
  • In nature, phosphorylation occurs in three different ways as -
  1.  photophosphorylation
  2. substratelevel phosphorylation and 
  3. oxidative phosphorylation. 
photophosphorylation :
  • Formation of ATP in the chloroplasts in presence of light is called photophosphorylation. 
  • It takes place in the two forms.
  1. Cyclic photophosphorylation 
  2. Non- 
     
    Cyclic photophosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation : 

  • It is a direct phosphorylation of ADP by transfer of a phosphate group from any suitable substrate. 
  • It occurs in cytoplasm of the cells and matrix of mitochondria.

Oxidative phosphorylation  :

  • It is phosphorylation of ADP at the cost of energy released during oxidation of substrates like NADH+H+ and FADH2. 
  • This occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane only.

  • When energy is required for any metabolic process, ATP is hydrolysed. 
  • ATP hydrolysis releases the energy which is used for the metabolic activities.
  • Respiration is a catabolic process where in complex organic substrate is oxidized to simple components to generate biological energy. 
  • Cellular respiration occurs in two different ways -
  1. Anaerobic respiration
  2. Aerobic respiration.

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