09 Control and Coordination - part 14 - Disorders of nervous system : Psychological disorders
09 Control and Coordination - part 14 - Disorders of nervous system : Psychological disorders
Disorders of nervous system :
Psychological disorders :
Psychological disorders :
- Commonly called mental disorders.
- A wide range of conditions that affect the mood, thinking or behaviour.
- These affect multiple areas of life and create distress for the person suffering from it.
- Some of the major categories of psychological disorders are -
- Intellectual disability - formerly known as mental retardation
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Depression
- Anxiety disorder
- ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And
- Stress related disorders.
- Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the CNS causes Parkinson's disease.
- Symptoms develop gradually over the years.
- Symptoms : tremors, stiffness, difficulty in walking, balance and co-ordination.
- Most common form of dementia.
- Its incidence increases with the age.
- Symptoms : showing the loss of cognitive functioning -thinking, remembering, reasoning and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes with the persons daily life and activities.
- It occurs due to loss of cholinergic and other neurons in the CNS, accumulation of amyloid proteins.
- There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, but treatment slows down the progression of the disease and may improve the quality of life.
- The cells and organisams communicate with each other through chemical signals.
- Also they are broadly of four types as follows :
- Autocrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate itself.
- Paracrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate neighbouring cells.
- Endocrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate distant cells.
- Pheromones : Organs release secretions to stimulate other organism.
- Higher animals have complex body organization.
- Due to this, in addition to the nervous coordination, there is need of chemical coordination.
- Chemical coordination is carried out by secretions of ductless glands. This chemical coordination system is also called the endocrine system.
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