09 Control and Coordination - part 14 - Disorders of nervous system : Psychological disorders

 

09 Control and Coordination - part 14 - Disorders of nervous system : Psychological disorders

Disorders of nervous system :

Psychological disorders :
  • Commonly called mental disorders.
  • A wide range of conditions that affect the mood, thinking or behaviour. 
  • These affect multiple areas of life and create distress for the person suffering from it. 
  • Some of the major categories of psychological disorders are - 
  1. Intellectual disability - formerly known as mental retardation
  2. Autism spectrum disorder
  3. Bipolar disorder
  4. Depression
  5. Anxiety disorder
  6. ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And
  7. Stress related disorders.
Parkinson's disease :
  • Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the CNS causes Parkinson's disease.
  • Symptoms develop gradually over the years.
  • Symptoms : tremors, stiffness, difficulty in walking, balance and co-ordination.
Alzheimer’s disease :
  • Most common form of dementia.
  • Its incidence increases with the age.
  • Symptoms : showing the loss of cognitive functioning -thinking, remembering, reasoning and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes with the persons daily life and activities. 
  • It occurs due to loss of cholinergic and other neurons in the CNS, accumulation of amyloid proteins.
  • There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, but treatment slows down the progression of the disease and may improve the quality of life.
CHEMICAL COORDINATION
  • The cells and organisams communicate with each other through chemical signals. 
  • Also they are broadly of four types as follows :
  1. Autocrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate itself.
  2. Paracrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate neighbouring cells.
  3. Endocrines : Cells release secretion to stimulate distant cells.
  4. Pheromones : Organs release secretions to stimulate other organism.
  • Higher animals have complex body organization. 
  • Due to this, in addition to the nervous coordination, there is need of chemical coordination. 
  • Chemical coordination is carried out by secretions of ductless glands. This chemical coordination system is also called the endocrine system.

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