10 Human Health and Diseases - part 06 - Common Cold, Ring Worm, Dengue

 


10 Human Health and Diseases - part 06 - Common Cold, Ring Worm, Dengue

Common Cold :
  • Viral infectious disease of upper respiratory region. 
  • Known as nasopharyngitis, acute viral rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza or a cold.
  • Caused by a group of viruses known as Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses.
Signs and Symptoms :
  • Cough , sore throat, running nose and fever.
  • Nasal congestion, sneezing.
  • Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
  • Muscle rashes, fatigue, headache, shivering and loss of appetite.
Prevention and Control :
  • Staying away from person suffering from common cold.
  • Washing hands with soap and water.
  • Use of handkerchief to cover the nose and mouth during coughing and sneezing.
  • Alcohol based hand sanitizer can also be used.

Ring Worm (Dermatophytosis) :
  • Fungal infection of skin. 
  • Caused by many fungal species belonging to the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. 
  • These fungi feed on keratin in skin, hair and nails.
Signs and Symptoms :

  • Infected skin shows enlarged, red ring caused due to ringworm.
  • Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body. 
  • These red patches cause intense itching.
  • Infection to nails is termed as onychomycosis, in which nails become thick, discoloured and disfigured.
  • Athlete’s foot is the fungal infection that usually begins between the toes.
Mode of transmission :- 
  • Ringworm spreads by sharing of clothes, comb of infected person, etc.
  • Close contact with infected person is another mode of infection.
Diagnosis and Treatment: 
  • Diagnosis is by physical examination and treatment uses drugs like nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, etc.
Prevention and Control :
  • Avoid close contact, sharing of clothes, sport equipments. 
  • Washing clothes in hot water with fungicidal soap help to destroy fungal pathogen.

Dengue :
  • Dengue fever is a painful, debilitating vector borne disease, caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses.
  •  Dengue virus is transmitted through the bite of female Aedes mosquito. 
  • The mosquito takes up the dengue virus when it sucks blood of a person suffering from dengue. 
  • It can not spread directly from one person to another person.

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