10 Human Health and Diseases - part 10 - Addiction

 

10 Human Health and Diseases - part 10 - Addiction

Addiction :
  • This is a complex condition characterised by compulsive use of substance despite of its harmful consequences. 
  • Addiction may involve the use of substances (drugs) such as alcohol, opioids, cocaine, nicotine and others or behaviours such as gambling.
  • There is scientific evidence that the addictive behaviours share key neurobiological features. 
  • They intensely involve brain pathways of reward and reinforcement, affecting motivation, which involve the neurotransmitter dopamine. 
  • It is important to know that the neurological changes are reversible after the substance-use or behaviour is discontinued.
  • Addiction overall result in the impairment of physical, physiological and psychological functions of the body.
Causes of substances abuse during Adolescence :
  1. Insufficent parental supervision and monitoring.
  2. Lack of communication between child and parents.
  3. Poorly defined rules.
  4. Family conflicts.
  5. Favorable parental attitudes towards alcohol and drug uses.
  6. Expectations from drugs use.
  7. Risk taking behavior.
Methods /measures to control drug abuse :-
  1. Always remember ‘Prevention is better than cure’.
  2. Avoid undue pressure – A child should not be forced to perform beyond his /her capacities in studies, sports and other activities.
  3. Education and Counselling of child to face problems and stress, to accept disappointments and failures as a part of life. 
  4. Channelize the energy of child in sports, studies and other constructive activities.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

2. Systematics of Living Organisms part 03 - Units of Classification

  2. Systematics of Living Organisms part 03 - Units of Classification Units of Classification : Species : Species is the  principal natural taxonomic unit , ranking below a genus and denoted by  latin binomial  (considered as the basic) unit of classification.  It is a  group of organisms  that can interbreed under natural condition to produce fertile offspring.  It was thought to be an  indivisible, stable and static unit.   However in the modern taxonomy, subdivision of species such as  sub-species, varities and populations  are seen and given more importance. Genus :  Genus is a taxonomic rank or category  larger than species  used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms.  Genus is a  group of species   bearing close resemblance to one another in their morphological characters but they do not interbreed.  e.g.  Tiger, Leopard, Lion  all three belong to sam...
Read more

2. Systematics of Living Organisms - part 04 - Nomenclature

  2. Systematics of Living Organisms - part 04 - Nomenclature Nomenclature : The art of naming the objects is in fact, a science called  nomenclature.  All living organisms are known by a particular name. 1.Vernacular / Local names / Common names:  Widely distributed organisms have a large number of common names.  Pansy (Viola  tricolor  L.)  grown in most European and American gardens has about 50 common English names.  In a multilingual country like India, almost all useful plants have local names which differ from language to language and even from dialect to dialect.  As in Ayurveda,  mango (Mangifera  indica  L.)  is known by over 50 different names, all in the Sanskrit language. Hence the common names obviously have limited usage and for universal applications, a unique name for a particular individual is very much essential. 2. Scientific Names :  To overcome the difficulties raised by common names, scient...
Read more

2. Systematics of Living Organisms - part 05 -Salient features of Five Kingdoms

Image
  2. Systematics of Living Organisms - part 05 -Salient features of Five Kingdoms  Salient features of Five Kingdoms : 1. Kingdom Monera : It contains unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cellular organization.  Monera includes  unicellular prokaryotic organisms. These are omnipresent.  They are found in all types of environment which are not generally inhabited by other living beings.  Few are  photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs ; but  majority are heterotrophic  in nature.  These organisms do  not have well defined nucleus . DNA exists as a simple double stranded circular single chromosome called as  nucleoid. Smaller circular molecules of DNA as extrachromosomal genetic elements called  plasmids  are often present.  Cell wall is made up of  peptidoglycan  (also called  murein ) which is a polymer of sugars and amino acids. Membrane bound organelles e.g.  mitochondria, chloroplast, endopla...
Read more